As anyone who has turned up for a midday meeting at midnight will tell you, clarity is vital when writing the time of day. But there are many ways to write the time, and the best approach isn’t always obvious. So to help out, we’ve prepared this guide to putting the time down on paper.
When writing the time of day, you can use either words or numerals. If you are using numerals, you would usually include both hours and minutes, although you can omit the minutes in less formal writing.
For instance, all the following would be acceptable:
She gets up at six in the morning every day.
She gets up at 6:00 in the morning every day.
She gets up at 6 o’clock in the morning every day.
As a rule, though, you would only write out the time as words when:
In most other cases, numerals are the clearer option for writing the time, especially in scientific and technical writing, where precision is vital.
The abbreviations AM and PM can be used when writing the time as numerals. Each applies to a different time of day:
As such, we use AM and PM to indicate the time of day when we are using a 12-hour clock. We can see how this works more clearly if we write out various times of day in both 12-hour and 24-hour formats:
Time
12-Hour Clock
24-Hour Clock
Three in the morning
Half eight in the morning
Three in the afternoon
Half eight in the evening
You can see here that we need AM and PM with the twelve-hour clock for clarity. Without them, we wouldn’t be able to tell the difference between, e.g., midday and midnight. Likewise, though, you do not need to include AM or PM with a 24-hour time because it is already clear.
There are also several ways to write AM and PM, including:
Consistency is key here, so make sure to apply one style throughout your document. You may also want to check your style guide if you have one, as some organisations will have their own rules for how to write AM and PM.
You’ll have noticed we use ‘o’clock’ in one of the examples above. This term means ‘of the clock’, so we can use it to show that a number refers to a time.
However, you should only use ‘o’clock’ with exact hours:
It is precisely 5 o’clock. ✔
I’m leaving at seven o’clock. ✔
It arrived at 7:34 o’clock. ✘
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The gig starts at half seven o’clock. ✘
We’ll save a discussion of when wine o’clock is for another blog post.
When writing the time as words, use ‘past’ and ‘to’ for intervals between hours. You can combine these terms with either numbers or the words ‘half’ and ‘quarter’ depending on the time in question:
For instance, we would use ‘past’ and ‘to’ accordingly in the following times:
7:05 → Five past seven
7:15 → Quarter past seven
7:30 → Half past seven
7:45 → Quarter to eight
7:55 → Five to eight
In less formal writing, you can even omit the ‘past’ in ‘half past’. So, for example, we could refer to the time 7:30 as ‘half seven’.
When writing the time as numerals, you can use either a colon or a full stop between the hour and the minutes. In some cases, such as in the military, you can even write out a 24-hour time without any punctuation.
For instance, the following are all acceptable ways of punctuating a time:
We need to leave by 6 : 45 pm at the latest. ✔
We need to leave by 6 . 45 pm at the latest. ✔
We need to leave by 1845 at the latest. ✔
The colon is the most common option here, but it is a matter of preference. Unless you’re in the military, in which case we suggest sticking to protocol.
In the UK, we use the same time across the entire country. Depending on the time of year, this will be either GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) or BST (British Summer Time). As such, if you’re only writing for people in the UK, you will not need to worry about the time zone.
If you are writing for an international audience, though, you may need to include a set of time zone initials when you write out a time. This will let your reader calculate the equivalent time wherever they are. For example, if we were writing a time for an international audience, we might say:
The live broadcast will begin at 9:00 pm UTC.
The initials UTC here stand for Coordinated Universal Time . Someone in Bolivia could then see this and look up the difference between UTC and BOT (Bolivia Time). And since BOT is four hours behind UTC, they would know the broadcast begins at 5:00 pm where they are.
In writing, redundancy means using a word unnecessarily. We mentioned above, for example, that you do not need to use AM or PM with 24-hour times because we already know whether a time is the morning or afternoon/evening when using a 24-hour clock.
Other cases of temporal redundancy you may want to avoid include:
We’ll end this post with a few examples of redundancies so you know what to watch out for. Check out the table below, good luck writing the time, and let us know if you need any help proofreading your work.
Redundancy
Correction
The event ends at 17:00 PM .
The event ends at 17:00 .
The event ends at 5:00 PM .
We leave at 6AM in the morning .
We leave at 6:00 in the morning .
He went to bed at 23:00 at night .
He went to bed at 23:00 .
He went to bed at 11:00 at night .
I’ll see you at twelve noon .
I’ll see you at twelve .
I’ll see you at noon .
(N.B. ‘Noon’ is the better correction here, since ‘twelve’ by itself could be either midday or midnight.)